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Grain routes: the global voyage of cargo ships
International grain trade is largely dependent on a complex and vulnerable maritime network. Routes connecting major global producers (such as Russia, Ukraine, the European Union, and North America) to markets in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa are often exposed to geopolitical, climatic, and logistical factors that affect their constancy and cost. Major Maritime Chokepoints…
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CO₂ emissions from wheat production: how much does a loaf of bread weigh?
When we bring home a loaf of bread, we rarely consider its environmental footprint. Yet behind every kilogram of wheat turned into flour and then into bread lies a well-defined carbon trail. Understanding the climate cost of what we eat is increasingly crucial in a world searching for solutions to the climate crisis. Wheat’s Life…
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Water use in wheat cultivation: waste and solutions
Water is a key resource for agricultural production, and wheat-while a relatively drought-resistant crop compared to others-requires significant amounts of water at critical times in its biological cycle. In a context of increasing water scarcity due to climate change and over-exploitation of aquifers, optimizing water use in cereal farming has become not only desirable but…
